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Title: Essays in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research
Citation Type: Dissertation/Thesis
Publication Year: 2020
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Abstract: This thesis studies the relationship between socio-cultural contexts and entrepreneurship. It departs from the question “Given that entrepreneurs are rare and economically valuable, are there certain socio-cultural contexts which are more efficient at ‘producing’ and ‘enabling’ them?” As such, it is rooted in the comparative stream of international entrepreneurship research (Coviello, McDougall, & Oviatt, 2011; Jones, Coviello, & Tang, 2011; Terjesen, Hessels, & Li, 2016; Verbeke & Ciravegna, 2018). The role of socio-cultural as well as economic and formal institutional contexts in understanding variation in entrepreneurship manifests itself at three levels of analysis: at the national level, within countries across regions, and within countries across immigrant groups from different countries of origins. Since variations in entrepreneurial activity across contexts are at the core of this thesis, I begin by describing differences in entrepreneurship as captured by self-employment rates across nations, regions, and immigrant groups to motivate the subsequent analyses. First, cross-national differences in current self-employment rates around the world are substantial (see Figure 1.1). The rate of self-employment is below 10% in, amongst others, Denmark, Estonia, Libya, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Sweden, while it is above 70% in, for example, Angola, India, Madagascar, and Tanzania (WDI 2016-2018, World Bank, 2019). Moreover, these international differences in self-employment rates are also of considerable persistence. This is illustrated in Figure 1.2 which plots current levels of self-employment against past self-employment rates 20 years ago. As the figure highlights, self-employment rates 20 years ago can explain 96% of the variation in current self-employment rates.
Url: https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/111582644/References.pdf
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Authors: Kleinhempel, Johannes
Institution: University of Groningen
Department: Comparative and International Business
Advisor: Prof. S. Beugelsdijk
Degree: Ph.D.
Publisher Location: Groningen
Pages: 239
Data Collections: IPUMS USA, IPUMS International
Topics: Labor Force and Occupational Structure, Migration and Immigration, Other
Countries: Angola, Denmark, Estonia, France, India, Libya, Madagascar, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Tanzania, United Kingdom