Full Citation

Title: Segregation and Childhood Blood Lead Levels in North Carolina

Citation Type: Journal Article

Publication Year: 2023

ISBN:

ISSN: 10984275

DOI: 10.1542/PEDS.2022-058661/193792

NSFID:

PMCID:

PMID: 37646083

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Using a local measure of racial residential segregation, estimate the association between racial residential segregation and childhood blood lead levels between the early 1990s and 2015 in North Carolina. METHODS: This population-based observational study uses individual-level blood lead testing records obtained from the NC Department of Health and Human Services for 320 916 children aged <7 years who were tested between 1992 and 1996 or 2013 and 2015. NC childhood blood lead levels were georeferenced to the census tract. Neighborhood racial residential segregation, assessed using a local, spatial measure of the racial isolation of non-Hispanic Blacks (RINHB), was calculated at the census tract level. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2015, RINHB increased in 50% of 2195 NC census tracts, although the degree of change varied by geographic region. In 1992 to 1996 blood lead testing data, a 1-standard-deviation increase in tract-level RINHB was associated with a 2.86% (95% confidence interval: 0.96%-4.81%) and 2.44% (1.34%-3.56%) increase in BLL among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White children, respectively. In 2013 to 2015 blood lead testing data, this association was attenuated but persisted with a 1-standard-deviation increase in tract-level RINHB associated with a 1.59% (0.50%-2.70%) and 0.76% (0.08%-1.45%) increase in BLL among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White children, respectively. In the supplemental information, we show the change in racial residential segregation across the entire United States, demonstrating that RINHB increased in 69% of 72 899 US census tracts. CONCLUSIONS: Racially isolated neighborhoods are associated with higher childhood lead levels, demonstrating the disproportionate environmental burdens borne by segregated communities and warranting attention to providing whole child health care.

Url: https://dx-doi-org.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/10.1542/peds.2022-058661

User Submitted?: No

Authors: Miranda, Marie Lynn; Lilienfeld, Aaron; Tootoo, Joshua; Bravo, Mercedes A.

Periodical (Full): Pediatrics

Issue: 3

Volume: 152

Pages: 1-9

Data Collections: IPUMS NHGIS

Topics: Health, Housing and Segregation, Race and Ethnicity

Countries: