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Title: Triple Jeopardy? The Impact of Race, Gender, and Immigrant Status on Earnings for Female African Immigrants to the United States

Citation Type: Conference Paper

Publication Year: 2004

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Abstract: The significance of race and gender for socioeconomic attainment is a classic issue in stratification research that has been extensively studied. Yet little is known about the earnings attainment of female African immigrants to the United States. This is because studies on the attainment process of black immigrants have focused almost exclusively on experience of males. In this study, we investigate the earnings attainment of female African immigrants to the United States. We use a sample of 56,008 respondents of the 1990 population census to examine earnings differences among female African immigrants, their Caribbean born counterparts and native born African American females. Preliminary analysis suggests that compared to their male counterparts, all three female groups earn less. Notably, the average earnings difference between African American males and females is $ 5,500; difference between African males and females is $5,000 and difference between Caribbean males and females is $4,000. Furthermore, the analysis shows a sizeable earnings difference between Caribbean female immigrants and African Americans and Africans with Caribbean immigrants earning more than the two groups. In contrast, native-born blacks earn the lowest among the three groups. These findings are discussed in the context of previous research on the earnings attainment of Blacks and immigrants in the United States. We conclude with a discussion of practical implications of the findings and suggestions for future research.

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Authors: Kimuna, Sitawa R.; Corra, Mamadi

Conference Name: Southern Sociological Society Conference

Publisher Location: Atlanta, GA

Data Collections: IPUMS USA

Topics: Migration and Immigration, Race and Ethnicity

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