Full Citation
Title: Does trade reduce infant mortality? Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Citation Type: Journal Article
Publication Year: 2020
ISBN:
ISSN: 0305-750X
DOI: 10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2019.104851
NSFID:
PMCID:
PMID:
Abstract: Trade can affect the development process of a country via various direct and indirect mechanisms. Empirically, it is difficult to identify causal effects, as trade is likely to be endogenous to other socio-economic factors that also affect development. To overcome this problem, this study uses a trade policy experiment called the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) which conferred many sub-Saharan African countries largely duty-free and quota-free access to US markets. Using retrospective birth histories from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), I develop a large micro panel dataset that spans 30 sub-Saharan African countries and carry out a within-mother variation in survival of infant to find a causal impact of the policy. Identification in this analysis is based on each country's exposure to the trade policy at different points in time. I find that the policy reduces infant mortality by about 9% of the sample mean, even after controlling for country-time linear trends as well as mother's time invariant characteristics. Event study reveals no effects prior to AGOA implementation, corroborating that the decrease in infant mortality is due to AGOA. I also find strong heterogeneous effects at the country and household level. The effects range from there being no significant effect to a strong increase or a strong decrease in infant deaths at the country level. The effect of AGOA on infant survival is stronger for countries that export large amounts of agricultural goods and mineral ores as compared to oil exporting countries. At the micro level, I see stronger effects for the uneducated, rural, and poor women via those women employed in agriculture or using manual labor, indicating increasing incomes as a possible mechanism. This study provides the first estimates of the effects of AGOA on infant mortality and adds to the literature on the quantitative impact of trade on health.
Url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X19305005
Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104851
User Submitted?: No
Authors: Panda, Pallavi
Periodical (Full): World Development
Issue:
Volume: 128
Pages: 104851
Data Collections: IPUMS Global Health - DHS
Topics: Fertility and Mortality, Health, Population Health and Health Systems, Race and Ethnicity
Countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe