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Title: Unequal at Birth: A Long-Term Comparison of Income and Birth Weight

Citation Type: Working Paper

Publication Year: 1999

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Abstract: I demonstrate that although socioeconomic differences in birth weight have always been fairly small in the United States, they have narrowed since the beginning of the century. I argue that maternal height, and therefore the mother's nutritional status during her growing years, accounted for most of the socioeconomic differences in birth weight in the past, but not today, implying that in the past health inequality was transmitted across generations. I also show that children born at the beginning of this century compared favorably to modern populations in terms of birth weights, but suffered higher fetal and neonatal death rates because obstetrical and medical knowledge was poorer. In addition, often children in the past were at a disadvantage relative to children today because best practice resulted in insufficient feeding. The poor average health of past populations therefore originated in part in the first days of life.

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Authors: Costa, Dora L.

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Publication Number: W6313

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Data Collections: IPUMS USA

Topics: Family and Marriage, Fertility and Mortality

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