Full Citation

Title: Racial Differences in Body Mass Indices for Male Convicts in Nineteenth Century Pennsylvania

Citation Type: Journal Article

Publication Year: 2009

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Abstract: This paper demonstrates that although modern BMIs have increased, 19th century Middle-Atlantic black and white BMIs were in the normal range; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common. Farmers BMIs were consistently heavier than non-farmers. Philadelphia residents BMIs were lower than elsewhere within Pennsylvania, indicating that urbanization and agricultural commercialization were associated with current biological living standards in urbanized areas.

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Authors: Carson, Scott A.

Periodical (Full): Journal of Biosocial Science

Issue: 2

Volume: 41

Pages: 231-248

Data Collections: IPUMS USA

Topics: Crime and Deviance, Fertility and Mortality, Labor Force and Occupational Structure, Poverty and Welfare

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