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Title: French-Canadian migrations across North America: Patterns and determinants, 1852-1881

Citation Type: Miscellaneous

Publication Year: 2023

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Abstract: The industrialization era came with new opportunities and challenges that shaped migration patterns for French Canadians. Notably, an estimated million migrated to the United States between 1840 and 1930. This paper sheds light on the local, agricultural, household and individual determinants of migration across six migration types, including international migration to the U.S. To do so, a large dataset of migrants and non-migrants was assembled by linking the 1852 Canadian census to the 1880 and 1881 U.S. and Canadian censuses. The contributions are both methodological, developing a large-scale link- ing method tailored to the French-Canadian population, and substantive. Consistent with widespread yet quantitatively unverified historical hypotheses, results reveal higher migration from areas with less favorable agricultural conditions. They also confirm the prominent role of distance and the importance of land ownership, with farmers being the least mobile.

Url: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Pgms8e51oOID1tPHOI4B6sIG-gMOUnF9/view?usp=sharing

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Authors: Côté-Gendreau, Marielle

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Data Collections: IPUMS International

Topics: Labor Force and Occupational Structure, Migration and Immigration

Countries: Canada