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Title: Opting Out? Cohort Differences in Professional Women's Employment Rates from 1960 to 2005
Citation Type: Journal Article
Publication Year: 2008
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Abstract: Over the past 50 years, women roles have changed dramatically-a reality captured by substantial increases in employment and reductions infertility. Yet, the social organization of work and family life has not changed much, leading to pervasive work-family conflict. Observing these strains, some scholars wonder whether US. women high employment levels are sustainable. Women employment in professional and managerial occupations-the core of the analyses offered in this article-merits particular interest because of the material and symbolic implications for gender equality. In a cohort analysis of working-age women born between 1906 and 1975, I show that employment levels among college-educated women in professional and managerial occupations have increased across cohorts. Full-time, year-round employment rates continue to rise across cohorts, even among women in historically male professions and mothers of young children. Although labor force participation rates have stopped rising, they have stalled at a very high rate, with less than 8 percent Of professional women born since 1956 out of the labor force for a year or more during their prime childbearing years. Moreover the difference in employment rates between mothers and childless women-the "child penalty" -is shrinking across cohorts.
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Authors: Percheski, Christine
Periodical (Full): American Sociological Review
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Pages: 497-517
Data Collections: IPUMS USA
Topics: Gender, Labor Force and Occupational Structure
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