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Title: Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Neighborhood Contexts: Considering Time of Day and Types of Neighborhoods in Linking Social Disorganization, Criminogenic Places, and Crime
Citation Type: Dissertation/Thesis
Publication Year: 2019
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Abstract: Decades of sociological and criminological research have established that neighborhood contexts matter in explaining the spatial distributions of crime. Such studies have emphasized the importance of neighborhood-level factors such as neighborhood structural conditions, informal and formal social control mechanisms, and situational opportunities anchored around various types of places. Despite previous theoretical and methodological innovations that have reinforced the crucial role of neighborhood processes that affect the prevalence of crime, they have paid less attention on how various neighborhood factors may have space- and time-differentiated effects on crime. Accordingly, in this study, I assess the spatially and temporally dynamic effects of neighborhood factors on crime. For the spatial dynamics, I consider whether neighborhood factors affect crime differently in residential versus nonresidential blocks. For the temporal dynamics, I examine how neighborhood factors would affect crime differently across different time periods of day. Using data from 2015-2017 for Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, and employing multilevel negative binomial regression models, I examine the effects of spatially and temporally dynamic neighborhood factors on robberies. I find that social (dis)organization factors and criminogenic places generally have both space- and time-differentiated effects on robberies. Overall, the results support that qualitative differences in neighborhoods and time of day have substantial implications on how various types of neighborhood factors influence crime like robberies. My results also point toward the direction that it is important to consider city-level, local ecological differences when studying neighborhood effects on crime. Theoretical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Url: https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/bitstream/handle/1840.20/36814/etd.pdf?sequence=1
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Authors: Kawaguchi, Riku
Institution: North Carolina State University
Department: Sociology
Advisor: William R. Smith
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
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Pages: 210
Data Collections: IPUMS USA
Topics: Crime and Deviance, Housing and Segregation, Land Use/Urban Organization
Countries: United States