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Title: A Deeper Dive into the Relationship between Economic Development and Migration
Citation Type: Working Paper
Publication Year: 2023
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Abstract: This descriptive paper provides a nuanced perspective on the relationship between development and migration, extending the non-parametric analysis in Clemens (2020). A few stylized patterns of migration emerge as countries develop. First, the migration response to development differs by the types of origin and destination countries. As low-income countries develop, their migration to high-income destinations increases slowly but steadily, whereas migration to other low-income or neighboring countries decreases at early levels of development. As middle-income countries develop, their migration to high-income countries increases steadily and plateaus once they reach sufficiently high levels of income. Second, the composition of migrants changes as countries develop. In particular, migrants to high-income destination countries become more educated. Third, the emigration response from middle-income countries is muted for countries with larger populations, particularly toward high-income destinations. These patterns suggest a strong role multiple transformations—such as increasing incomes, increased global integration, a demographic transition, increased human capital, and domestic structural change—play in changing migration patterns as countries develop. The paper explores these migration patterns in light of these transformations.
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Authors: Shrestha, Maheshwor
Series Title: Policy Research Working Papers
Publication Number: 10295
Institution: World Bank
Pages: 1-30
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Data Collections: IPUMS USA
Topics: Migration and Immigration, Poverty and Welfare
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