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Title: A Profile of Latino Citizenship in the United States: Demographic, Educational and Economic Trends between 1990 and 2013
Citation Type: Miscellaneous
Publication Year: 2016
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Abstract: This report examines trends in citizenship status between 1990 and 2013, using data from the U.S. Census Bureau.1 It explores trends in citizenship status by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and among the five largest Latino national subgroups. In addition, this report also examines the effect of citizenship status on the following outcomes: education, income, employment status, usual hours worked, and poverty status. In this report, citizenship status is defined using three categories: citizen by birth, naturalized citizen, and not a citizen. A citizen by birth is someone who was either born in the U.S. or born to at least one parent who is an American citizen. In addition, educational attainment was computed for those age 25 and older, while the remaining outcomes of income, employment status, usual hours worked, and poverty status were computed for those between the ages of 16 and 64. 2 All findings are reported in 2015 inflation-adjusted dollars. The data indicated three key trends. First, most Latinos in the United States were citizens by birth in each year between 1990 and 2013. In 2013, 76% of Latinos were U.S. citizens either by birth (65%) or naturalization (11%). Excluding Puerto Ricans who are all citizens by birth, Mexicans, Cubans, and Dominicans had the highest rates of citizenship by birth or naturalization, at 76%, 77%, and 73% respectively in 2013. Second, naturalized Latino citizens had better educational and economic outcomes than non-citizens and citizens by birth. Levels of educational attainment among naturalized Latino citizens, especially in higher education, far surpassed educational attainment among Latino non-citizens in each year. Despite similar employment rates, personal incomes were higher among naturalized Latino citizens ($24,000 in 2013), compared to the incomes of both Latinos that were citizens by birth ($12,700) and non-citizens ($13,500 in 2013). Between 1990 and 2013, poverty rates were lower among naturalized Latino citizens (13% in 2013), compared to both Latino citizens by birth (20%) and . . .
Url: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=clacls_pubs
User Submitted?: No
Authors: Okigbo, Karen
Publisher: City University of New York
Data Collections: IPUMS USA
Topics: Migration and Immigration, Other, Poverty and Welfare, Race and Ethnicity
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