Full Citation
Title: The Impact of Margaret Sanger's Birth Control Clinics on Early 20th Century U.S. Fertility and Mortality
Citation Type: Working Paper
Publication Year: 2023
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Abstract: Margaret Sanger established the first birth control clinic in New York in 1916. From the mid-1920s, “Sanger clinics” spread over the entire U.S. Combining newly digitized data on the roll-out of these clinics, full-count Census data, and administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0–7.8% of the overall fertility decline until 1940. Moreover, birth control clinics had a significant and meaningful negative effect on the incidence of stillbirths and infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant. Further suggestive evidence points towards positive effects on female employment.
Url: https://docs.iza.org/dp16118.pdf
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Authors: Bauernschuster, Stefan; Grimm, Michael; Hajo, Cathy M
Series Title: IZA Discussion Paper Series
Publication Number: 16118
Institution: IZA – Institute of Labor Economics
Pages: 1-62
Publisher Location: Bonn, Germany
Data Collections: IPUMS USA, IPUMS NHGIS
Topics: Fertility and Mortality, Health, Reproductive and Sexual Health
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