Full Citation
Title: Current Studies on Employment and Unemployment
Citation Type: Book, Whole
Publication Year: 2021
ISBN: 978-6257588010
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Abstract: Employment and unemployment are concepts that explain the production structures of economies, their sectoral developments, regional and national developments, active and inactive human resources depending on various factors. These concepts are among the most important problems of all countries from past to present. Therefore, employment and the level of unemployment are the top issues that both developed and developing countries have to struggle. Employment and unemployment have been important issues in the literature of economics for years, and considered as important indicators for the real sector. Increasing employment and reducing unemployment allow to increase social welfare as well as economic welfare. In order to increase social and economic welfare by using various employment policy tools, interventions are made in the labor market from time to time. Such interventions are supported by a variety of sectors. According to World Bank data, the increase in world unemployment rates from 4.8% to 6.5% in the last 30 years (1991-2020) reveals how big this problem is and it can be a leading indicator of a possible crisis that may occur in the real sector. In spite of the desire and ability to work, the involuntary unemployment of individuals causes social and psychological damages as well as loss of productivity. Unemployment creates negative consequences by affecting not only individuals and their families experiencing this problem, but also the economy and social life of the country. For a balanced and stable development, it is very important that those who have the desire and ability to work are employed and take part in the production process. Because, the increase of the number of unemployed people in a society causes the national income not to reach its potential and unregistered production and employment increase and damage the economy. In addition, unemployed individuals cannot get a sufficient share from the distribution of national income, this situation also leads to a deterioration of the income distribution and reduces social peace and trust. As a matter of fact, it is known that welfare state policies have weakened due to the competition and growth policies of the states around the world associated with the globalization process. The fragmentation of production, decrease in unionization, and increase in unemployment cause an increase in uncertainty, insecurity and vulnerability for workers. While real wages are falling relatively in most of the countries, workers' rights appear to be gradually decreasing. Women, young people, immigrants, old persons and disabled have been the groups most affected by such negativity due to neoliberal policies. Unemployment deprives individuals of the right to work, which is one of the most fundamental rights. When people lose their jobs, they are deprived of their income, but they are faced with the danger of losing their independence, friendship and social status. It is very difficult to talk about prosperity and development in a country where poverty is increasing and freedom is decreasing. Therefore, governments should employ the involuntary unemployed and reduce unemployment in order to ensure and sustain the development of their countries. Undoubtedly, one of the most effective methods of combating unemployment is ensuring economic growth. However, providing economic growth alone is not enough to solve this versatile problem. In recent years, it is clearly seen that there have been economic growth processes that do not create employment, especially in developing countries. In this context, it is necessary to implement policies that increase the quantity and quality of employment together by using local and global tools in the struggle against unemployment. It is extremely important to consider the size and nature of the employment and unemployment problem, which are important factors in ensuring global well-being and peace, both in national and international frameworks. I would like to express my gratitude to all valued participants who contributed to the assessment of this problem across countries and regions and to address it from various angles, to investigate the causes of the problem and to suggest strategies for its solution. This book aims to contribute to the literature by addressing current problems in national and international labor markets. In this context, it is expected that the book will be useful to relevant researchers, academics and economics literature.
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Authors: UĞURLU, Süleyman
Publisher: Gazi Kitabevi
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Pages: 1-206
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Data Collections: IPUMS CPS
Topics: Labor Force and Occupational Structure
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