Full Citation
Title: Temporal assessment of disparities in California COVID-19 mortality by industry: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Citation Type: Journal Article
Publication Year: 2023
ISBN:
ISSN: 1047-2797
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2023.09.003
NSFID:
PMCID:
PMID: 37714416
Abstract: Objective- To assess changes in COVID-19 mortality rate and disparities over variants/waves by industry groups. Methods- We used a population-based retrospective cohort study approach. We identified COVID-19 deaths that occurred between January 2020 and May 2022 among the California working population age 18-64 years using death certificates. We used the Current Population Survey to derive estimates for working-age Californians at risk of COVID-19 mortality. The waves in deaths were categorized as Wave 1: March -June 2020, Wave 2: July -November 2020, Wave 3/Epsilon & Alpha variants: December 2020-May 2021, Wave 4/Delta variant: June 2021-January 2022, and Wave 5/Omicron variant: February -May 2022. Poisson regression was used to generate wave-specific mortality rate ratios (MRR). We assessed significance of change in MRR for each industry across waves by including an interaction term between industry and wave in different models. Results – In all waves of the pandemic, Healthcare (MRRwave 1=2.49, 95%CI (1.78 – 3.49)), Other Services (MRRwave 4=2.89, 95%CI (2.39 - 3.50)), Manufacturing (MRRwave 2=2.01, 95%CI (1.59 - 2.53)), Transportation (MRRwave 4=2.64, 95%CI (2.20 - 3.17)), and Retail Trade industries (MRRwave 5=1.87, 95%CI (1.48 - 2.36)) had higher mortality rates than the Professional, Scientific, and Technical industry which had one of the lowest mortality rates. Healthcare industry had the highest relative rate earlier in the pandemic, which diminished over time while Other Services, Utilities and Accommodation and Food Services industries had substantial increases in mortality rate ratios in later waves. Conclusion- Industries that consistently had disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 mortality may have benefitted from protections that consider workers’ increased exposure and vulnerability to severe outcomes.
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Authors: Gebreegziabher, Elisabeth; Bui, David; Cummings, Kristin J.; Beckman, John; Frederick, Matthew; Nguyen, Alyssa; Chan, Elena; Gibb, Kathryn; Rodriguez, Andrea; Wong, Jessie; Majka, Claire; Jain, Seema; Vergara, Ximena
Periodical (Full): Annals of Epidemiology
Issue:
Volume: 86
Pages: 1-11
Data Collections: IPUMS CPS
Topics: Health, Methodology and Data Collection, Population Health and Health Systems
Countries: