Full Citation
Title: Essays on the Economics of Immigration
Citation Type: Dissertation/Thesis
Publication Year: 2023
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Abstract: SUMMARY Chapter 1: The Effect of WWI Military Service on the Long-Term Outcomes of Immigrants Military service has a long-lasting impact on mental, physical, and socioeconomic well-being. Although previous research has concentrated on the effect of military service on the native-born population, military experience may have different effects on immigrants through improving English language skills, fostering social interactions with natives, and providing a faster path to U.S. citizenship. I use historical Census data and an instrumental-variables approach to analyze the effect of WWI military service on the long-term outcomes of immigrants. The instrument reflects the likelihood of being drafted based on two characteristics: age at the time of the draft and being born in a country classified as an enemy of the U.S. during WWI. I find that foreign- born WWI veterans were more likely to become naturalized citizens and work in protective services, but veterans earned less after the war than their non-veteran peers. Chapter 2: My Brother and Me: The Consequences of Being Foreign-Born Immigrant children represent a significant share of the U.S. population. However, foreign- born children are often disadvantaged compared to their native-born peers due to differences in language skills, schooling, and cultural integration. I use historical Census Data to analyze the differences in schooling and labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and foreign-born siblings to understand the long-term effects of nativity. Children observed in the 1910 decennial Census are linked to their 1940 Census records using a unique method of linking individuals across Census waves. Compared to their native-born siblings, those born abroad are 10.5, 4.1, and 1.7 percentage points less likely to complete eighth grade, high school, and college respectively. The effects are larger for children who arrived at older ages. I do not find a significant impact on wages, employment, and other labor market outcomes. These findings indicate that foreign-born status is a significant determinant of long-term outcomes of children. Chapter 3: Exploring the Impact of Local Media Coverage on Ethnic Arrest Disparities with Ashley Muchow U.S. media coverage linking immigration with crime has proliferated over the past three decades at the same time local law enforcement officers have assumed important roles in immigration enforcement. While scholarship has demonstrated the ability of media to shape public opinion on immigration, relatively little research has empirically assessed its effect on policing practice. We use novel data on local television newscasts on immigration and crime and agency-level arrest data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System from 2009 to 2016 to examine whether such coverage increases Hispanic-White arrest disparities. Given the endogenous nature of local news, we use Sinclair Broadcast Group acquisitions as an instrumental variable to isolate the effect of news coverage on arrest differences. We find that news coverage increases ethnic arrest disparities for drug crimes but has no discernible impact on arrest differences for violent offenses. Supplemental analyses suggest that increases in Hispanic-White drug arrest rate disparities are more pronounced in areas served by sheriff departments and experiencing immigrant population growth. These findings demonstrate the potential for local news coverage to influence policing practice and highlight the scenarios under which such coverage may aggravate ethnic disparities in criminal justice contact.
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Authors: Stanishevska, Taisiia
Institution: University of Illinois at Chicago
Department: Economics
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Pages: 1-24
Data Collections: IPUMS USA
Topics: Crime and Deviance, Migration and Immigration, Race and Ethnicity
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