We provide a theory of the interaction between intergenerational living arrangements and economic development. We show that, when technical progress is fast enough, the economy experiences a shift from stagnation to growth, there is a transition from coresi-dence to non-coresidence, and the social status of the elderly tends to deteriorate.

Institutional changes associated with the rise of shareholder value capitalism have had seemingly contradictory effects on managers and managerialism in the United States economy. Financial critiques of inefficient corporate bureaucracies and the resulting wave of downsizing, mergers, and computerization subjected managers to unprecedented layoffs during the 1980s and 1990s as firms sought to become lean and mean. Yet the proportion of managers and their average compensation continued to increase during this period. How did the rise of anti-managerial investor ideologies and strategies oriented toward reducing companies labor costs coincide with increasing numbers of ever more highly paid managerial employees? This article examines the paradoxical relationship between shareholder value and managerialism by analyzing the effects of shareholder value strategies on the growth of managerial employment and managerial earnings in 59 major industries in the U.S. private sector from 1984 to 2001. Results from industry-level dynamic panel models show that layoffs, mergers, computerization, deunionization, and the increasing predominance of publicly traded firms all contributed to broad-based increases in the number of managerial positions and the valuation of managerial labor. Results are generally consistent with David Gordons (1996) fat and mean thesis.

We show that much of the recent reported decrease in interstate migration is a statistical artifact. Before 2006, the Census Bureaus imputation procedure for dealing with missing data in the Current Population Survey inflated the estimated interstate migration rate. An undocumented change in the procedure corrected the problem starting in 2006, thus reducing the estimated migration rate. The change in imputation procedures explains 90% of the reported decrease in interstate migration between 2005 and 2006, and 42% of the decrease between 2000 (the recent high-water mark) and 2010. After we remove the effect of the change in procedures, we find that the annual interstate migration rate follows a smooth downward trend from 1996 to 2010. Contrary to popular belief, the 20072009 recession is not associated with any additional decrease in interstate migration relative to trend.

A region’s economic performance is closely linked to the skills and knowledge of its workforce. Using college attainment as a measure of workforce skills, we examine overall trends in higher education to get a sense of where Ohio stands relative to other states. The data reveal that Ohio has made some progress, especially in improving educational attainment in its younger workers. At the same time, Ohio lags in a number of other dimensions, in particular, in its overall level of college attainment and in attracting educated workers into the state.

In 1828, a teenaged Abraham Lincoln guided a flatboat down the Mississippi River to New Orleans. The adventure marked his first visit to a major city and exposed him to the nation's largest slave marketplace. It also nearly cost him his life, in a nighttime attack in the Louisiana plantation country. That trip, and a second one in 1831, would form the two longest journeys of Lincoln's life, his only visits to the Deep South, and his foremost experience in a racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse urban environment. Lincoln in New Orleans: The 1828-1831 Flatboat Voyages and Their Place in History reconstructs, to levels of detail and analyses never before attempted, the nature of those two journeys and examines their influence on Lincoln's life, presidency, and subsequent historiography. It also sheds light on river commerce and New Orleans in the antebellum era, because, as exceptional as Lincoln later came to be, he was entirely archetypal of the Western rivermen of his youth who traveled regularly between the "upcountry" and the Queen City of the South. Featuring new data sources, historical photos, and custom-made analytical maps and graphs, Lincoln in New Orleans brings new knowledge to one of the least-known but most influential episodes in Lincoln's life. This is a Lincoln story, a Mississippi River story, a New Orleans story, and an American story.

One part of the on-going debate over the reality of human races centers on the applicability of the concept, RACE, to extant human populations. If, one line of reasoning goes, the very meaning of the term race entails that the concept refers to biologically real entities, then, since the human populations identified as races do not comprise biologically real entities, there simple are no races and race, as a concept, fails to refer to anything at all in the world. I argue that this line of reasoning relies on an ambiguity in our understanding of what it is for an entity to be biologically real. Biology cannot provide meaningful support of, nor a justification for, our beliefs and practices surrounding race, but races may nevertheless be (loosely) individuated on the basis of (real) biological features. If that is the case, it is plausible that dismantling the conceptual framework around race requires not the recognition that there are no entities to which the concept refers, but rather the recognition that those entities are contingent, contestable but nonetheless very powerful ways of categorizing people, and that since these ways of categorizing people do real harm (and no real good), we should work to ensure that they are no longer employed in ways that do harm, and work to (try to) repair (some of) the harms done.

This paper describes the development and implementation of e-science and research support services in the Health Sciences Libraries (HSL) within the Academic Health Center (AHC) at the University of Minnesota (UMN). A review of the broader e-science initiatives within the UMN demonstrates the needs and opportunities that the University Libraries face while building knowledge, skills, and capacity to support e-research. These experiences are being used by the University Libraries administration and HSL to apply support for the growing needs of researchers in the health sciences. Several research areas that would benefit from enhanced e-science support are described. Plans to address the growing e-research needs of health sciences researchers are also discussed.

The Orçamento Participativo was created in Porto Alegre in 1989. From then until now the OP has been globalized, so we find experiences in all five continents. The success achieved by the Porto Alegre experience has led governments of countries with cultural and political traditions very different entering the PB in their localities. However, the Brazilian OP has gradually transformed in that journey and it has been implemented according to the local contexts. We wonder what exactly has traveled, as well as the impact and success of the Participatory Budgenting beyond Brazil. To answer these questions we propose a debate on four experiences of four different continents: USA, Europe (Italy), Africa (DR Congo) and China. Thus, we could see the meaning of the globalization of a specific local experience and its different outcomes in political and cultural different contexts.

Driving into Port Arthur or Beaumont, Texas, at night, you encounter a horizon ablaze with the lights of the strange cityscape that is the modern oil refinery. Near the mouth of the Neches River, the refinerys clumped and turreted towers, erected by some of the nations largest corporationsGulf, Texaco, and Mobilhave punctuated the skyline for over half a century. American historians now know much about the boomtowns that rapidly grew around early oil fields and also about the immense impacts of gasoline on twentieth-century American lives, but they sometimes fail to recall that refineries, toothe oil industrys version of the factoryhave cast a long historical shadow.

Sociologists have long argued that suicide is an act heavily influenced by social context. Yet empirical investigations into the importance of context on suicide assume that aggregate conditions reflect something more than individual relationships when the possibility exists that these effects are simply the sum of individual characteristics associated with suicide. Using nationally representative survey data (1986-2006) linked to prospective mortality and contextual information, this study produces the first systematic evaluation of the role of context on an individuals odds of suicide. We find that social and economic disadvantages in the cities in which individuals live increase their odds of suicidal death even after accounting for individual-level traits, supporting classic sociological arguments that the risk of suicide is indeed influenced by the social milieu.

I examine changes in the city-suburban housing price gap in metropolitan areas with and without court-ordered desegregation plans over the 1970s, narrowing my comparison to housing units on opposite sides of district boundaries. Desegregation of public schools in central cities reduced the demand for urban residence, leading urban housing prices and rents to decline by 6 percent relative to neighboring suburbs. Aversion to integration was due both to changes in peer composition and to student reassignment to nonneighborhood schools. The associated reduction in the urban tax base imposed a fiscal externality on remaining urban residents.

This paper explores how a rise in a gender’s scarcity may impact educational invest- ments using exogenous variation in the marriage market of second generation Americans in early 20th century. Theoretically, one may expect this to occur through two potential channels: a change in matching possibilities or in post-match bargaining. Empirically, I find that worse marriage market conditions spurs higher pre-marital investments: the ef- fect for males is significant (0.2 years of education for one standard deviation in the sex ratio) while for females, it is only observed in highly endogamous groups. When faced with an exogenously larger number of males per females, males’ marriages appear to be less stable and more likely to involve natives and more educated spouses while women are less likely to work and, for those in high endogamous groups, marry more immigrants.

Drawn to the countryside as early as the late nineteenth century, new suburbanites turned to taming the wildness of their surroundings. They cultivated a fondness for the natural world around them, and in the decades that followed, they became sensitized to potential threats. Sellers shows how the philosophy, science, and emotions that catalyzed the environmental movement sprang directly from suburbanites' lives and their ideas about nature, as well as the unique ecology of the neighborhoods in which they dwelt.

Τα ζητήματα της αναπαραγωγής του πληθυσμού και ειδικότερα της γονιμότητας βρίσκονται τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες στο επίκεντρο των συζητήσεων που άπτονται των δημογραφικών φαινομένων στην Ελλάδα λόγω της φθίνουσας πορείας των δεικτών γεννητικότητας/γονιμότητας και της δημογραφικής γήρανσης του πληθυσμού. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι, με χρήση μικροδεδομένων της Απογραφής του 1991 και του 2001 (IPUMS project: Integrated Public Use Microdata Series), να διερευνηθούν σχέσεις μεταξύ κοινωνικοοικονομικών και δημογραφικών παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν τη γονιμότητα στην Ελλάδα. Ειδικότερα, επιχειρείται, με τη χρήση του μοντέλου της λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης, ο ποσοτικός προσδιορισμός της επίδρασης των παραγόντων της εκπαίδευσης, του εργασιακού καθεστώτος, της υπηκοότητας και της ηλικίας στη γεννητικότητα των γυναικών της Ελλάδας για το 1991 και το 2001 με βάση τρία μοντέλα. Από τη μελέτη των μοντέλων αυτών παρατηρείται πως και στα τρία μοντέλα, οι πιθανότητες μια γυναίκα να γεννήσει ένα, δύο ή τρία παιδιά, ανάλογα με το μοντέλο, μειώνονται όσο αυτή κατέχει υψηλότερο επίπεδο μόρφωσης. Παρατηρείται ακόμα μια έντονη διαφοροποίηση όσον αφορά στην επίδραση της υπηκοότητας από μοντέλο σε μοντέλο. Φανερός είναι επίσης ο ρόλος της εργασίας στην απόφαση μιας γυναίκας να γίνει μητέρα, μιας που οι άνεργες γυναίκες το αποφασίζουν δυσκολότερα από ότι οι εργαζόμενες. Στην εργασία δίνονται αναλυτικά τα παραπάνω συμπεράσματα.

Understanding the spatial variation in housing prices plays a crucial role in topics ranging from the cost of living to quality-of-life indices to studies of public goods and household mobility. Yet analysts have not reached a consensus on the best source of such data, variously using self-reported values from the census, transactions values, tax assessments, and rental values. Additionally, while most studies use micro-level data, some have used summary statistics such as the median housing value.Assessing neighborhood price indices in Los Angeles, we find that indices based on transactions prices are highly correlated with indices based on self-reported values, but the former are better correlated with public goods. Moreover, rental values have a higher correlation with public goods and income levels than either asset-value measure. Finally, indices based on median values are poorly correlated with the other indices, public goods, and income.

This paper presents new empirical evidence regarding the cyclicality of skill acquisition activities. The paper studies both training and schooling episodes at the individual level using quarterly data from the NLSY79 for a period of 19 years. We find that aggregate schooling is strongly countercyclical, while aggregate training is acyclical. Several training categories, however, behave procyclically. The results also indicate that firm-financed training is procyclical, while training financed through other means is countercyclical; and that the cyclicality of skill acquisition investments depends significantly on the educational level and the employment status of the individual.

This study investigates the role of area economic characteristics in predicting employmenta key aspect of social participation for adults with physical disabilitiesusing data from a national registry of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI results in chronic impairment and most commonly occurs during young adulthood when working is a key aspect of the adult social role. Geocoded data were collected from two of the 14 SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) centers involved in the National SCIMS database and used to link individual-level data with area-level measures extracted from the 2000 US Census. The analysis included participants of working-age (1864 years) and living in the community (N = 1013). Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to estimate area-level variation in participation and the relative contribution of area-level economic indicators, adjusted for individual-level health, functioning, and background characteristics. The likelihood of employment for adults with SCI varied by area and was associated with area SES and urbanicity, but not area unemployment. These findings suggest that variation in area economic conditions may affect the feasibility of employment for persons who experience chronic physical disability during adulthood, thus limiting full participation in society.

The economic recession that began in 2007 prompted speculation over its effects on divorce rates in the U.S. Opposing hypotheses suggest either that recession increases divorce through a stress mechanism; or that it reduces divorce by exacerbating cost barriers or strengthening family bonds. The American Community Survey now offers a large-scale, repeated national sample survey with size large enough to test state-level divorce patterns – and timing suitable for examining potential effects of changing economic conditions. After establishing an individual- level model predicting women’s divorce, I test whether unemployment and foreclosures are associated with the odds of divorce, and for whom. Results show that foreclosure rates are positively associated with the odds of divorce, but only for those with more than a high school education. State unemployment rates show no effect on odds of divorce. I also test the effect of state laws delaying divorce, and find they have an increasingly negative effect of the three-year period, suggesting a backlog of new divorces during the recession.

This chapter reviews the literature on language proficiency and the economic incentives that potentially lead individuals to invest in the acquisition of language skills. The aim is to understand whether (and to what extent do) individuals respond to economic incentives to acquire non­native language skills. The empirical literature is limited and only provides indirect evidence on the impact of economic incentives. This chapter suggests that this is due to difficulties in locating variables capturing economic incentives, and the appropriate empirical methodology that would help identify the marginal effect of economic incentives on language acquisition, controlling for other determinants. We describe possible reasons behind this challenge along with a first reflection on strategies to better assess the impact of economic incentives.

Gays and lesbians perceive themselves to be targets of discrimination in the housing market. Previous research has found that the presence of gays and lesbians is associated with increased housing values. We reconcile the perceived discrimination and research results by classifying neighborhoods as more conservative or liberal according to voting outcomes of the Defense Of Marriage Act. Using a data set comprised of over 20,000 house sale observations, we show that an increase in the number of same-sexcoupled households is associated with an increase in house prices in more liberal neighborhoods and a decrease in house prices in more conservative neighborhoods. This suggests that gay and lesbian coupled households do experience prejudice in conservative neighborhoods.