The analysis of collective identities is certainly one of the most important and intriguing subjects of historical research.1 'The very title of the present volume reveals what might be called a sort of ontological paradox: •imagined communities' do not exist as such, they are based on fictions - and yet, they form arguably the strongest social and political factor we know. In the light of this statement, it is all the more important to understand the rules governing the processes of imagination and communication which lead to the construction of collective identities as social realities.2 With regard to late medieval France, the focus of analysis has mostly been on national or monarchy-centred identities. Colette Beaune, in her study on the "Naissance de la nation Francet' investigates the symbolic and ideological...
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